{"id":1131,"date":"2025-10-23T14:48:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T12:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raportesg2024.gkpge.pl\/en\/?post_type=table&p=1131"},"modified":"2025-11-21T15:28:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T14:28:00","slug":"slowniczek-pojec-branzowych_tab","status":"publish","type":"table","link":"https:\/\/raportesg2024.gkpge.pl\/en\/table\/slowniczek-pojec-branzowych_tab\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0142owniczek poj\u0119\u0107 bran\u017cowych_tab"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Glossary of industry terms<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ancillary control services (ACS)\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nservices provided to the transmission system operator, which are indispensable for the proper functioning of the National Power System and ensure the keeping of required reliability and quality standards.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Achievable capacity\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe maximum sustained capacity of a generating unit or generator,\u00a0maintained\u00a0continuously by a thermal generator for at least 15 hours or by a hydroelectric generator for at least five hours, at standardized operating conditions, as confirmed by tests.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARA\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nUSD hard coal price index in EU. Loco in harbours Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Availability factor\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n(working time + standby time in reserve) x 100 \/ period time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Balancing market\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na technical platform for balancing electricity supply and demand on the market. The differences between the planned (announced supply schedules) and the\u00a0actually delivered\/off-taken\u00a0volumes of electricity are settled here. The purpose of the balancing market is to balance transactions concluded between individual market participants and actual electricity demand. The participants of the balancing market can be the generators, customers for electricity understood as entities connected to a network\u00a0located\u00a0in the balancing market area (including off-takers and network customers), trading companies, electricity\u00a0exchanges\u00a0and the TSO as the balancing company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Base, baseload\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nstandard product on the electricity market: a constant hourly power supply per day in a given period, for example week, month,\u00a0quarter\u00a0or year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAT\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nBest Available Technology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Best Practices\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nDocuments \u201eBest Practice for WSE Listed Companies 2016″ adopted by the resolution of the WSE\u00a0 Supervisory Board of October 13, 2015 and effective from January 1, 2016 until June 30, 2021 and \u201eBest Practice for WSE Listed Companies 2016 2021″\u00a0 adopted by the resolution of the WSE\u00a0 Supervisory Board of March 29, 2021 and effective from July 1, 2021.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Biomass\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nsolid or liquid substances of plant or animal origin, subject to biodegradation, obtained from agricultural or forestry products, waste and\u00a0remains\u00a0or industries processing their products as well as certain other biodegradable waste in particular agricultural raw materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Black energy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\npopular name for energy generated\u00a0as a result of\u00a0combustion of black coal or lignite.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREF\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nBest Available Techniques Reference Document<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Capacity fee\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAn element of the electricity bill, charged to ensure energy security (constant electricity supply).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CCGT\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nCombined Cycle Gas Turbine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CSDDD\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nCorporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Circular economy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nsystem that minimises the consumption of resources and the level of waste as well as emissions and energy losses by creating a closed loop of processes in which waste from one process is used as resources in other processes\u00a0so as to\u00a0maximally reduce the quantity of production waste<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Co-combustion\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe generation of electricity or heat based on a process of combined, simultaneous combustion in one device of biomass or biogas together with other fuels; part of the energy thus generated can be\u00a0deemed\u00a0to be energy generated with the use of renewable sources.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Co-generation\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe simultaneous generation of heat and electricity or mechanical energy\u00a0in the course of\u00a0one and the same\u00a0technological process.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Co-generation certificate\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na document confirming the generation of electricity in high-efficiency cogeneration, issued by the ERO President, so-called red certificates (for energy generated from coal in cogeneration with heat) and yellow certificates (for energy generated from gas in cogeneration with heat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Co-generation fee\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nan element of the electricity bill collected to finance the\u00a0new support\u00a0mechanism for high-efficiency cogeneration (auction system from 2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Constrained generation\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe generation of electricity to ensure the quality and reliability of the national power system; this applies to generating units in which generation must continue due to the technical limitations of the operation of the power system and the necessity of ensuring its adequate reliability.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Distribution\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\ntransport of energy through distribution grid of high (110 kV), medium (15kV) and low (400V) voltage\u00a0in order to\u00a0supply the customers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Distribution System Operator (DSO)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na power company engaging in the distribution of gaseous fuels or electricity, responsible for traffic in the gas or electricity distribution systems, current and long-term security of operation of the system, the operation, maintenance,\u00a0repairs\u00a0and indispensable expansion of the distribution network, including connections to other gas or power systems.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ERO\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nEnergy Regulatory Office (pol. URE).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EUA\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nEuropean Union Allowances: transferable CO2<\/sub> emission allowances; one EUA allows to release one tonne of CO2<\/sub>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EU Environmental taxonomy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nRegulation (EU) 2020\/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to\u00a0facilitate\u00a0sustainable investment and amending Regulation (EU) 2019\/2088<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EU ETS\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nEuropean Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Scheme) EU emission trading scheme. Its operating rules are set out in the ETS Directive, amended by the Directive 2009\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 23, 2009 (OJ EU L. of 2009, No. 140, p. 63\u201487).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nHydroelectric power plant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nWind farm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Generating unit\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na technically and commercially defined set of equipment belonging to a power company and used to generate electricity or heat and to\u00a0transmit\u00a0power.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Green certificate\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na document confirming the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources, issued by the ERO President<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Green energy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nconventional name for energy produced from renewable energy sources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\ngigawatt, a unit of capacity in the SI system, 1 GW = 109<\/sup>\u00a0W.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GWe\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\none gigawatt of electric capacity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GWt\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\none gigawatt of heat capacity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HCl\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nhydrogen chloride.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hg\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nmercury.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
High Voltage Network (HV)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na network with a nominal voltage of 110 kV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ICT\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nInformation and Communications Technology, a concept encompassing techniques for processing,\u00a0collecting\u00a0or transmitting information in electronic form<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IGCC\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Installed capacity\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe formal value of active power recorded in the design documentation of a generating system as being the maximum achievable capacity of that system, confirmed by the acceptance protocols of that system (a historical value, it does not change over time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Installed capacity utilisation indicator\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nproduced electricity x 100 \/ (period time x installed capacity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRGiT\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nIzba\u00a0Rozliczeniowa\u00a0Gie\u0142d\u00a0Towarowych\u00a0S.A. (commodities clearing house)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRZ\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nCold Intervention Reserve Service – service consisting of\u00a0maintaining\u00a0power units ready for energy production. Energy is produced on request of PSE S.A.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IOS\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nFlue Gas Desulphurization Installation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ITRE\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nEuropean Parliament Committee on Industry, Research and Energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JWCD\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nCentrally Dispatched Generating Unit – A generating unit connected to the coordinated 110 kV network, subject to central dispatch by PSE S.A.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KPI\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nKey Performance Indicator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KRI\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nKey Risk Indicator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KSP\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe National Transmission System, a set of equipment for the transmission of electricity in the territory of Poland.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kV\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nkilo volt, an SI unit of electric potential difference, current and electromotive force; 1kV= 103 V.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kWh\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nkilowatt-hour, a unit of electric energy in the SI system defined as the volume of electricity used by the 1 kW equipment over one hour. 1 kWh = 3,600,000 J = 3.6 MJ.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kWp\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na power unit dedicated to\u00a0determining\u00a0the power of photovoltaic panels, means the amount of electricity in the peak of production.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LNG\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nLiquefied natural gas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Low Voltage Network (LV)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na network with a nominal voltage not exceeding 1 kV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LTC\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nlong-term contracts on the purchase of capacity and electricity\u00a0entered into\u00a0between Polskie Sieci\u00a0Elektroenergetyczne\u00a0S.A. and electricity generators in the years 1994-2001.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LTC Act\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAct of June 29,\u00a02007\u00a0on the principles of covering costs incurred by producers in connection with early termination of long-term contracts for the sale of electricity capacity and energy (Journal of Laws No. 130 item 905 of 2007)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LZO\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nRemote reading meters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ME\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nEnergy Storage facility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medium-voltage network (MV)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nan energy network with a nominal voltage higher than 1 kV but lower than 110 kV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MFW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nOffshore wind farm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIE\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nMinimum Energy Volumes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MSR\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nMarket Stability Reserve (relating to CO2<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na unit of capacity in the SI system, 1 MW = 106<\/sup>\u00a0W.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MWe\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\none megawatt of electric power.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MWt\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\none megawatt of heat power.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NH3\u00a0<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\nammonia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nm3<\/sup>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nnormal cubic meter; a unit of volume from outside the SI system signifying the quantity of dry gas in 1 m3<\/sup> of space at a pressure of 101.325 Pa and a temperature of 0\u00b0C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOx\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nnitrogen oxides.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NPS\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nNational Power System, a set of equipment for the distribution,\u00a0transmission\u00a0and generation of electricity, forming a system to allow the supply of electricity in the territory of Poland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N:W ratio\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nRation of volume of overburden removed in m3\u00a0to the mass of extracted coal in tons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Operational Capacity Reserve (ORM)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nORM constitutes of generation capacities of active Production Schedular Units (JGWa) in operation or layover,\u00a0representing\u00a0excess capacity over electricity demand available to the TSO under the Energy Sale Agreements and on the Balancing Market in unforced generation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTF\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nOrganised Trading Facilities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peak,\u00a0peakload\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na standard product on the electricity market; a constant power supply from Monday to Friday, each hour between 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. (15-hour standard for the Polish market) or between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. (12-hour standard for the German market) in a given period, for example week, month,\u00a0quarter\u00a0or year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PJ\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nPetajoule, a unit of work\/heat in the SI system, 1 PJ = approx. 278 GWh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PPA\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nPower\u00a0Purchase Agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pumped storage power plants\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nspecial type of hydro-power plant allowing for electricity storage. It uses the upper reservoir, to which water is pumped from the lower reservoir using electricity (usually excessive in system). The pumped storage facilities provide ancillary control services for the national power system. In periods of increased demand for electricity, water from the upper reservoir is released through the turbine. This way, electricity is produced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Property rights (certificates)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nnegotiable exchange-traded rights under green and co-generation certificates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prosumer\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nend customer who\u00a0purchases\u00a0electricity under a comprehensive agreement and generates electricity only from renewable sources at a\u00a0micro-installations\u00a0for own purposes, unrelated to economic activities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PSCMI1\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nPolish Steam Coal Market Index 1 – average level of prices of coal dust sold to industrial-scale power plants in Poland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PSCMI-2\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nPolish Steam Coal Market Index\u00a02 – average price level of energy fines sold on the domestic heat market<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Purchasing Managers Index (PMI)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na composite indicator developed by Markit Economics to show the condition of the industrial sector; an indicator value above 50 points\u00a0indicates\u00a0an improvement in the situation in the sector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PV\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nphotovoltaic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAB\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nRegulatory Asset Base.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Red energy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\npopular name for electricity co-generated with heat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Regulator\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe President of ERO, fulfilling the tasks assigned to him in the energy law. The regulator\u00a0is responsible for, among others, giving out licenses for energy companies, approval of tariffs for energy companies, appointing Transmission System Operators and Distribution System Operators.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Renewable Energy Source (RES)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na source of generation using wind power, solar radiation, geothermal energy, waves, sea currents and tides, flow of rivers and energy obtained from biomass, landfill biogas as well as biogas generated in sewage collection or treatment processes or the disintegration of stored plant or animal\u00a0remains.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REPowerEU\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe EC’s plan for energy saving, ecological\u00a0production\u00a0and diversification of energy supplies in connection with the disruption of the global energy market caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RES fee\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nThe RES fee is used to ensure the availability of energy from renewable sources in the National Power System. The RES fee is used exclusively to cover the negative balance of renewable energy settlements between producers of this energy and sellers of electricity generated from renewable energy sources and the operating costs of\u00a0Zarz\u0105dca\u00a0Rozlicze\u0144\u00a0S.A. (the administrator of RES fees).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIG\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nReadiness Interventional Reserve\u00a0–\u00a0 the\u00a0power plant’s readiness to provide the active power generation service or its consumption at the request of PSE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R&D\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nResearch and Development<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIDI\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nSystem Average Interruption Duration Index<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIFI\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nSystem Average Interruption Frequency Index<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCR\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nSelective catalytic reduction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPOT market\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na market where transactions are executed no later than the second business day after they are ordered. Transactions made on the cash market are paid for at the time they are concluded – in this case, the capital is transferred.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tariff\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nthe list of prices and rates and terms of application of the same, devised by an energy enterprise and introduced as binding on the customers specified\u00a0therein\u00a0in the manner defined by an act of parliament<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tariff group\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na group of customers off-taking electricity or heat or using services related to electricity or heat supply to whom a single set of prices or charges and terms are applied.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TGE\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nTowarowa\u00a0Gie\u0142da\u00a0Energii\u00a0S.A. (Polish Power Exchange), a commodity exchange on which trading can take place in electricity, liquid or gas fuels, extraction gas, emission\u00a0allowances\u00a0and property rights whose price depends directly or indirectly on electric energy, liquid or gas fuels and emission allowances, admitted to commodity exchange trading<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TPA\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nThird Party Access, the\u00a0owner\u00a0or operator of the network infrastructure to third parties\u00a0in order to\u00a0supply goods\/services to third party customers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transition fee\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na distribution fee element charged to compensate power plants for losses resulting from early termination of LTC.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transmission of electricity\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\ntransport of electricity through high voltage (220 and 400 kV) transmission network from generators to distributors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transmission System Operator (TSO)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na power company engaging in the transmission of gaseous fuels or electric energy, responsible for traffic in a gas or power transmission system, current and long-term security of operation of that system, the operation, maintenance,\u00a0repair\u00a0and indispensable expansion of the transmission system, including connections with other gas or power systems. In Poland, for the period from July 2,\u00a02014\u00a0till December 31,\u00a02030\u00a0Polskie Sieci\u00a0Elektroenergetyczne\u00a0S.A. was chosen as a TSO in the field of electricity transmission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TTF\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nTitle Transfer Facility – gas futures index from the Dutch stock exchange ICE\u00a0Endex\u00a0Dutch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TWh\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nterawatt hour, a multiple unit for measuring of electricity unit in the system SI. 1 TWh is 109<\/sup>\u00a0kWh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Utility power plants\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na category used by PSE S.A. in monthly reports on the operation of the National Power System and the Balancing Market – includes power plants and combined heat and power plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ultra-high-voltage network (UHV)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nan energy network with a voltage equal to 220 kV or higher.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V (volt)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nelectrical potential unit, electric\u00a0voltage\u00a0and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI), 1 V= 1J\/1C = (1 kg x m2<\/sup>) \/ (A\u00a0x\u00a0 s3<\/sup>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W (watt)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\na unit of power in the International Systems of Units (SI), 1 W = 1J\/1s = 1 kg x m2<\/sup>\u00a0x s-3<\/sup>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yellow energy\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\npopular name for energy generated in gas-fired power plants and CCGT power plants.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ZDEE\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAgreement on Securing Electricity Supplies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ZHZW\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nCommercial Management of Generation Capacities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1131","table","type-table","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u0142owniczek poj\u0119\u0107 bran\u017cowych_tab - Annual Report PGE 2024<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u0142owniczek poj\u0119\u0107 bran\u017cowych_tab - Annual Report PGE 2024\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glossary of industry terms Ancillary control services (ACS)\u00a0\u00a0 services provided to the transmission system operator, which are indispensable for the proper functioning of the National Power System and ensure the keeping of required reliability and quality standards. 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